| Type | Example | Weakness | |------|---------|-----------| | Magnetic stripe | Fuel cards, old license cards | Easily cloned, no biometric | | Passive RFID | Toll tags | No driver authentication | | ELD + password | Electronic logging device with PIN | PIN sharing, shoulder surfing |
[4] European Commission. (2023). Delegated Regulation on electronic freight transport information (eFTI). driver smart card bps n99
[6] FIDO Alliance. (2022). FIDO2 Specifications for biometric authenticators. | Type | Example | Weakness | |------|---------|-----------|
[7] Maes, R. (2019). Biometric Authentication on Smart Cards . Springer. old license cards | Easily cloned
[2] ISO/IEC 24787:2018 – Information technology – On‑card biometric comparison.
[5] NIST SP 800-157 – Guidelines for Derived Personal Identity Verification (PIV) Credentials.